Bombs Bursting in Air Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bombs Bursting in Air - Assignment Example But we still hear the â€Å"bombs† going off in our lives and we are afraid or lost because of what is going on. Rather than shielding us from reality, our parents and teachers should instead help us understand why these â€Å"bombs† go off in some peoples lives and not in others. The importance of these life lessons cannot be stressed enough and just like the essay explains, our parents and other adults will no longer be able to shield us from that reality. So the question that we should ask ourselves is â€Å"how young is too young to understand lifes realities?†. In the modern age of the internet and 24/7 news media, the innocence of young people is stolen faster than parents can cover up the situations. Perhaps the time has come for parents to acknowledge that the children of today, if spoken to and explained to in a proper manner, can actually prove to be far more mature than their parents and teachers actually think they

Impacts of Data Classification Standards Essay Example for Free

Impacts of Data Classification Standards Essay Through my research I have found three basic domains that are affected by the â€Å"internal use only† data classification standard. What I would like to discuss in this report addressing IT infrastructure is how these three domains are affected. I will be discussing the User Domain, Workstation Domain, and LAN Domain and will cover everything from the end user to the internet. The User Domain controls who has what access to what information within the organization and enforces the APU or Acceptable Use Policy. The APU only allows the user to access or work within the set parameters of what has be set as acceptable use. This is the weakest point in the IT infrastructure and it is the user’s responsibility act with integrity around this domain. The Workstation Domain is where the user is able to access the company network and use resources that are not on their host station. This is to allow the worker to easily be able to get the data or applications they may need. For the company’s network’s security usually the IT departments will set up user names and passwords or can allow access through managing the active directory. They will also have anti-virus protection as well as undergo regular updates and scans. Since this would be a company network it would be not acceptable to have personal devices on the network unless preauthorized by management. The LAN Domain is the big picture of what the company network has. It is a collection of all the host and devices on the network and also including all the physical networking of the company’s network. The LAN Domain needs to be very secure due to the vast amount of components involved. One of the biggest threats can be as simple as unauthorized access on the company’s local area network.

Pearl: A Product Of Nature :: essays research papers

Pearl is one of the most interesting and mysterious characters of the novel The Scarlet Letter. One tends to wonder why Pearl is the way she is. Why does she act so strangely and so differently than all the other characters? She acts this way because of a relationship she has with the force of Nature, which Hawthorne personifies as sympathetic towards sins against the puritan way of life. Because of this trait Hester's sin causes Nature to accept Pearl. Finally, Pearl's acceptance of Nature is what causes her to act the way she does.First it is necessary to examine how nature is identified with sin against the Puritan way of life. The first example of this is found in the first chapter regarding the rosebush at the prison door. This rosebush is located "on one side of the portal, and rooted almost at the threshold"(36) of the prison. The prison naturally is the place where people that have sinned against the puritan way of life remain. Then Hawthorne suggests that the roses of the rose-bush "might be imagined to offer their fragrance and fragile beauty to the prisoner as he went in, and to the condemned criminal as he came forth to his doom, in token that the deep heart of Nature could pity and be kind to him"(36). This clearly states that Nature is kind to prisoners and criminals that pass through the prison doors. Hawthorne strengthens this point by suggesting two possible reasons for the rosebush's genesis. The first is that "it had merely survived out of the stern old wilderness..."(36), while the second reason is that "there is fair authority for believing [the rose-bush] had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson..."(36). By Hawthorne's wording it appears as if he is emphasizing the second reason because he suggests there is "fair authority." Connecting the rosebush originating from Ann Hutchinson, an outcast from puritan society, shows the connection with Nature and sin against puritan way of life. This rosebush symbolizes the sympathy of Nature towards the very people Puritan society has condemned.The idea illustrated by the rosebush can therefore be applied to the specific character of Pearl. Because Pearl was expelled from Puritan society Nature sympathizes with her. Nature's sympathy and partiality with Pearl can be seen with the sunshine in the forest. Pearl attempts to "catch" the sunshine and according to Hawthorn "Pearl .

Compare the Presentation of War in ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ by Wilfred Owen and ‘for the Fallen’ by Laurence Binyon

‘For the Fallen’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ are two very different poems indirectly expressing Wilfred Owen and Laurence Binyon’s views on war. The contrast of the poems is mainly down to when they were written as Binyon wrote his poem at the very beginning of the war, meaning the poem has a very propagandist and optimistic outlook on the war. He also wrote it before he visited the front in 1916. However Owen wrote his poem near to the end of the war, in hospital, after fighting on the western front.Many of his close friends had died during the war, which probably influenced a lot of the anger in his poems. It is clear in Owen’s poem that he feels there is absolutely no honour in dying for one’s country. He describes a fellow soldier killed in a gas attack, ‘flound’ring like a man in fire or lime’ followed by, ‘behind the wagon that we flung him in. ’ The second quote gives the impression that this soldie r is just one of many thousands of unnamed individuals who were killed and carted off without any funeral.It gives a message to propagandists and people who think war is glorious, that it is nothing of the sort. Also Owen’s title ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’, means: ‘It is sweet and fitting’. However the poem completely undermines the title saying the opposite and ending with ‘The old Lie: Dulce et decorum est Pro patria mori. ‘ Owen uses heavy irony in the title and could also be directing this quote at officers who originally led many soldiers to their death. By contrast, Binyon describes the death of the soldiers at war very differently: ‘Death august and royal’.Binyon personifies death and makes it honourable, dignifying the death of the soldiers. Binyon also describes the dead soldiers ‘As the stars are known to the Night,’ which implies that they are always there, even if they are not seen in the day, but remembe red in their family’s dreams every night. Furthermore the title: ‘For the Fallen’ is a euphemism, which like the poem avoids the fact that the soldiers actually died in many gruesome ways during battle. The images that Binyon and Owen create through their language in their poems are very different.Owen’s descriptions are extremely graphic and create very strong images: ‘You could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth corrupted lungs. ’ One can almost see and hear the reality of war through all these descriptions. Owen also manages to create a few quite unnatural and sometimes impossible images: ‘Dim, through misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning. ’ The word ‘drowning’ gives us an image of someone drowning in air, which is impossible.By doing this, Owen shows the extreme horror of having to watch someone die in a gas attack. Binyon’s imagery, by contras t, is much more idealised and glorifies the soldiers. There are many references to stars and the heavens: ‘immortal spheres’, ‘As the stars are known to the night’, ‘the heavenly plain’. In the penultimate line the word ‘stars’ is even repeated: ‘As the stars that are starry in the time of our time of darkness’. By comparing the soldiers to stars, Binyon is erasing any negative references to the horrors of war and creating an image of heaven instead.The use of tone in the two poems is very contrasting as while Binyon adopts a very dignified, patriotic and mournful tone, Owen, on the contrary uses quite a pessimistic and sometimes aggressive tone. Owen does this by using spondees at the beginning of lines: ‘Bent Double’, ‘Knock-kneed’, and ‘Gas! Gas! ’ By putting two stressed syllables at the start of lines, Owen is avoiding a gentle iambic rhythm, and instead creating more of a ch aotic effect which is helped by the sudden change to present tense. Owen also uses many words like: ‘sludge’, ‘blood’ and ‘zest’.This sort of vocabulary adds to the poem’s slightly aggressive tone, with the use of quite hard-hitting and monosyllabic words. However, Binyon, on the contrary is much more formal and uses a mixture of latinate and anglo-saxon vocabulary creating both a warm but at the same time, respectful tone. Binyon also plays with word order, using inverted syntax: ‘They mingle not’, and ‘At the going down of the sun’. This gives the poem a greater sense of authority and importance, and even sometimes sounds slightly biblical: ‘Flesh of her flesh they were, spirit of her spirit’.In ‘For the Fallen’, the form is relatively simple with short four-line verses with the last line always slightly shorter. This could relate to the soldiers lives being cut short but interestingl y, these last lines can also be of significance by themselves, describing the soldiers who died: ‘Fallen in the cause of the free’, ‘They fell with their faces to the foe’, ‘To the end, to the end, they remain. ’ The poem is also made up of antonymic lines, the structure being A, B, C, B. The rhyming 2nd and 4th lines represent the harmony of the poem, while the non-rhyming 1st and 3rd represent the disharmony.There are also antonyms within certain lines: ‘music’ and ‘desolation’, ‘glory’ and ‘tears’. The rhythm of the poem is quite irregular, possibly to emphasise the fact that the subject of the poem is too important to give a ‘rum-ti-tum’ rhythm. Unlike ‘For the Fallen’, which is an elegy, ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’ is a narrative. The verses are longer in Owen’s poem, the first two stanzas 8 lines, and the last 12 lines. The four extra lines in the last stanza almost come across as a personal message from Owen himself: ‘My friend, you would not tell with such high zest†¦ Also, the last line of the poem, a bit like the ends of Binyon’s verses, is cut short representing the soldier’s lives being cut short: ‘Pro patria mori. ’ Not only this, but the fact that the poem ends with the word ‘mori’-death- again refers to the soldiers’ lives. The poem is also set out like a story as it starts by setting the scene, which is followed by the climax in the 2nd stanza, and then the ending. Owen uses alternate rhyme which knits all the lines together, making them flow.The rhyme scheme also draws attention to the specific rhyming words at the end of each line which, if read alone, describe the events taking place e. g. ‘trudge’, blind’, ‘stumbling’, ‘drowning’, ‘blood’. Owen uses repetition to emphasise certain words: ‘G as! Gas! ’, ‘All went lame; all blind’. The repetition of ‘gas’ creates much more urgency than if it was just written once. Also, the repetition of ‘all’ really makes the reader realise that Owen is trying to not just say it was one or two people who were hurt, but everyone.Owen also uses caesura: ‘Men marched asleep. Many had lost their boots But limped on, blood-shod. All†¦ ’ The full-stops in the middle of the lines disrupt the rhythm and maybe draw attention to the fact that the marching is not orderly. Binyon, like Owen, uses some repetition: ‘Flesh of her flesh they were, spirit of her spirit’, ‘To the end, to the end they remain’. The repetition, in this case, with its lulling rhythm, adds to the overall proud and majestic feel of the poem. Another word that Binyon repeats almost constantly through the poem is ‘they’.This, in contrast to Owen who specifically describes one p erson dying in gory detail, unifies all the soldiers into one. Both ‘For the Fallen’ and ‘Dulce Et Decorum Est’, in their own ways, describe soldiers who went to war. However, the two poems are opposite to each other in almost every way, as the points above show. Binyon shows us the glory of patriotism and self sacrifice while Owen shows the brutal reality of what it was truly like in the battlefield. These two poems show us how differently war can be described and interpreted.

The Battle of the Little Bighorn

In 1861 the US government introduced the reservation solution. Plains Indians were to be moved to designated areas known as reservations. There they would receive payments from the government and be taught the ways of the white men. However the Indians who refused to surrender their lives and the Grace land that they and their brothers had lived upon, long before the white men's unexpected arrival, soon disrupted this plan. The breaking of the treaty, which prevented white settlers to settle upon their land, and also them passing through it, angered Red Cloud. There were many Sioux attacks on travellers. These attacks went on for many years, until 1866. The US army ignored their accusations and set up forts along the reservation, to prevent further attacks. Red Cloud in disgust attacked the army. The forts, which had been built upon the Bozeman trail, were soon under siege. The Sioux alone were not strong enough to capture the forts, which were equipped with weaponry the Plains Indians had rarely see before, Rifles. Red Cloud kept a force of several Sioux Bands and had also allied with the Arapaho and the Cheyenne. The incentive, of their livelihoods spurred them on. They fort for many months. Red Cloud also had the vision to try and persuade the Crow, traditional enemies of the Sioux, to fight with his people. Although this did not happen, Red Cloud and his people fought on. In 1868 the government admitted that the Indians could not be defeated militarily. So the Us government signed the treaty of Fort Laramie, which saw the creation of the great Sioux Reservation. No non-Indians were to set foot inside this reservation. As soon as the army had left, the forts were burnt to the Ground. It was the start of many years of peace for Red Cloud. However not all of his people agreed with the life that they had been hand fed. Red Clouds power decreased and the Sioux now looked towards the more militant leaders such as Sitting Bull and Red Cloud. However there were worse times to come for the people of the Sioux. The Peace Treaty could not be maintained forever, could it? In 1874 a man by the name of George Armstrong Custer led the seventh Cavalry to the Black Hills, to see whether the area held, the shiny stone that the White Men craved. In doing this he broke the Peace Treaty of Fort Laramie, which had been signed 6 years earlier. Custer had found Gold, hills full of it, ‘From the grassroots down'. This enticed thousands of miners, in search of happiness to the area. The army could not prevent this, and the government did not want to. The Sioux did. The inhabitants attacked many miners. The Government of the United States offered huge sums of money, per year, to the Sioux, in return for the rights to the Gold that they were obviously not using! But the Indians were not interested in round pieces of metal, that the white men exchanged and they were bot willing to give up the Birthplace of their people up easily. In December 1875 all Sioux were ordered to return to their disturbed reservation. The Indian numbers made this hard. There were reported to be 7000 Indians, amongst them Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull. Sitting Bull refused to agree to reservation life, and so many Sioux looked upon him as their new leader. February 1876 saw the army been ordered that any Indians that was not inside the reservation were to be treated as Hostile. This led to a three- pronged campaign, ordered by General Philip Sheridan. The campaign that followed led to the Battle of the Little Bighorn. Bighorn being the mountain ranges where the battle was to take place. And so George Armstrong Custer and his 7th Cavalry set out along with two other parties to force the Indians back to their reservations. Custer rode along the Rosebud River with the men he had been allocated by General Terry. Whilst riding into position, Custer spotted the Sioux village about 15 miles ahead. Custer contemplated attacking, ignoring the conversation he had had with General Terry earlier, Terry: â€Å"Don't be greedy, wait for us† Custer: â€Å"No, I won't Little did any of them know, that this would be one of the most controversial and misinterpreted conversations, ever made? Custer ignored Terry's orders and prepared to fight. He split his battalion up in three, and planned to send troops under Captain Frederick Benteen, who was ordered to prevent the Indian's usual tactic or escaping. Another group of men were given to Major Marcus Reno, who was to pursue the group. Custer hoped to attack the camp from the North and South Simultaneously. By looking at the tactics he pre-prepared, you would come to the conclusion that he was a very intelligent man, with a lot of experience and will power. However, he was soon to realise that these tactics were not properly thought out, in fact they were soon to be the biggest mistake of his life. A life that, would not see another battle, or another day. Custer had not used his Scouts well; he had barely used them at all. He had Indian Scouts from the enemy tribe of the Sioux, who could of told him a great deal about the strength of the Indian Camp he was preparing to attack, about the firepower of the Indians and the terrain that surrounded the camp. Custer sidelined the scouts, he was the man that ran the show, he knew everything, and he was the noble and brave war veteran. Well, at least this is what he had thought, and if truth were told, so did his men. They had not lost under Custer; he was a respected and experienced Indian fighter. He had never needed scouts before, why was this battle going to be any different? He needed Scouts, especially ones who could blend in, and this would be different. Little did George Armstrong Custer know that the Indian camp he was about to attack with only his battalion was three times his strength, containing not only Sioux, but also Cheyenne warriors. Custer' s plan was put into action: Reno's squadron of 175 soldiers attacked the northern end of the camp. Quickly finding themselves in a desperate battle with little hope of surviving, Reno halted his charging men before they could be trapped and killed, they fought for ten minutes in un-orderly state, hoping that it wasn't going to be their scalps upon the mass of tee-pees they saw before them. Reno withdrew his men into the woods that lined the river. When that position proved indefensible, they retreated uphill to the bluffs east of the river, pursued hotly by f Cheyenne and Sioux Warriors. Just as they finished driving the soldiers out, the Indians sighted roughly 200 of Custer's men coming towards them, through the tough terrain at the other end of the village. This then took the pressure off of Reno's men. Cheyenne and Hunk papa Sioux together crossed the river and locked horns with the advancing soldiers, forcing them back to a high ridge to the north. Meanwhile, another force, largely Oglala Sioux under the command of Crazy Horse, swiftly moved downstream and doubled back in a sweeping arc. This boxed the un-defeated men of the 7th cavalry enveloping Custer and his men in a pincer move. The Indians began pouring in gunfire and arrows. Gunfire came from Winchester repeating Rifles. Rifles that they traded with white men for fur. The exact rifle that Custer had ordered to be left behind, as this would hold his men up, in a battle where, he thought, guns were not necessary. Custer thought a lot of things would weigh him down. The gattling Guns, Sabres and extra troops for example. All because he thought they'd slow him down. But how much he would of wanted them despite their ‘weight', whilst surrounded by the ‘savages' he had promised to leave in peace. The peace was broken, and so was Custer's plan. As the Indians closed in, Custer ordered his men to shoot their horses and stack the carcasses to form a wall, but they provided little protection against bullets. In under an hour, Custer and his men were killed in the worst American military disaster ever. Proving that Custer was greedy and Custer didn't wait. There were many factors that led to the defeat of Custer. However by reading the facts about the war, above, you can see that Custer eyes were clouded over. An urgency to go down in American history as the noblest man, the greatest Indian slayer and most of all The President of the United States. A great Indian slayer should be able defeat a camp of Indians on his own? This was why George Custer did not use Scouts. Therefore he ran into a camp that was 3 or 4 times larger than he had first anticipated. So the men he obtained, of which he thought he had sufficient were out numbered 3 to 1. This obviously was a huge factor to why he and his men were slain. He did not expect to come across a camp of this size, let alone a camp that were equipped with a greater fire power than his squadron. This was another factor. Custer had not expected the Indians to have Guns as well as the knifes and bows and arrows they were expected to own. This meant Custer's men were facing 3 times as many warriors as he had, who were more equipped in the white mans fire arms than them. Having known this a war veteran would have surely come up with alternative tactics. So you see, lack of and misinterpreted information led to unsuitable tactics. It was like a chain of events. Lack of knowledge meant lack of weapons and firepower, which meant poor tactics. This lack of knowledge could have so easily been avoided, by sending out some of their many Indian Scouts. Who could have quite easily got an insight into the size and firepower that the rival Indians had. But Custer' eyes were clouded with greed, he needed no scouts. Custer definitely went down in history. He went down as the General who led his men into worst military disaster in American History. What happened to the Sioux after the battle? Although the Indians won the Battle of the Little Bighorn, it was not a major event in Sioux history. Knowing that there would be severe punishment for their victory, the Indians immediately split up and traveled on so that the U. S. Cavalry would have a difficult time trying to find them. Eventually, they would be forced to live on reservations as their land went into the hands of the U. S. government for mining and farming. Something the Indians did not do or intend on doing. They had fought hard in a losing battle. They had success in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, but had lost their way of life. Their victory attracted even more discrimination and racism and gave the white men an extra incentive to wipe out the Plains Indians altogether. They would now be forced to live as the white men, be taught to farm crops and live in captivity. Some Indians killed themselves rather than live a false life with their humiliated and half annihilated brothers. So the Battle of the Little Bighorn was not really a victory for the Indians. They had fought with their lives, and what had they won, a life of shame, cruelty and eventually death. The reward for their victory was nothing.

Secuestro internacional de niños y restitución

Secuestro internacional de nià ±os y restitucià ³n Si su nià ±o o nià ±a, que tiene la residencia habitual en Estados Unidos, es và ­ctima de un secuestro internacional por parte del otro progenitor, esto es lo que debe hacer con e fin de obtener su restitucià ³n. En este artà ­culo tambià ©n se hace referencia en dà ³nde se puede obtener ayuda psicolà ³gica, legal e incluso econà ³mica para estos casos. Quà © hacer si el nià ±o và ­ctima de secuestro est todavà ­a en Estados Unidos Contactar inmediatamente con la Oficina de Asuntos para la Nià ±ez, dependiente del Departamento de Estado, marcando gratis al 1-888-407-4747. Se puede pedir hablar con alguien en espaà ±ol y llamar a cualquier hora del dà ­a o de la noche, incluso durante los fines de semana. Secuestro internacional de nià ±os Si el menor ya ha dejado Estados Unidos pero se cree que se encuentra en un paà ­s de los que ha firmado la Convencià ³n de la Haya sobre Secuestro internacional de nià ±os, marcar al mismo nà ºmero mencionado en el prrafo anterior. Pero si el nià ±o o la nià ±a se encuentran en otro paà ­s no incluido en dicha Convencià ³n, contactar primero con las autoridades de dicho lugar y a continuacià ³n con la Oficina de Asuntos para la Nià ±ez al telà ©fono ya mencionado. Si el padre o la madre que quieren notificar el secuestro se encuentran en ese momento fuera de Estados Unidos, marcar al 1-202-501-4444. Quà © ms se puede hacer en los casos de secuestro internacional de nià ±os Acudir a la policà ­a y rellenar la planilla para reportar la desaparicià ³n de una persona. Pedir que los datos del menor y su desaparicià ³n sean incluidos en la base de datos del Centro de Informacià ³n Nacional de Crà ­menes (NCIC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). La policà ­a puede informarle de si es posible y cà ³mo obtener rà ©cords de telà ©fono, de tarjetas de crà ©dito e incluso de correos electrà ³nicos para conseguir localizar al padre o a la madre que han secuestrado al menor. En este punto, consultar con un abogado antes de decidir si es conveniente denunciar al padre o a la madre que se llevà ³ al menor. En ocasiones, si no hay todavà ­a denuncia, es posible resolver el caso ms rpidamente. Pero depende de las circunstancias. Conviene tambià ©n tener en cuenta que si hay una orden de bà ºsqueda y captura en contra del secuestrador es posible notificarla a la INTERPOL para que ayude en la bà ºsqueda. Tambià ©n se puede solicitar ayuda en la oficina local del FBI en el departamento de de Crà ­menes contra nià ±os. Asimismo se puede acudir a Centro Nacional para Nià ±os Desaparecidos y Explotados (NCMEC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Esta oficina puede ayudar a crear un pà ³ster del menor desaparecido y a que se circule y publique en los medios de comunicacià ³n del paà ­s en el que se sospecha que el nià ±o o la nià ±a pueden estar. Si el menor secuestrado est localizado en otro paà ­s, el padre o la madre pueden solicitar que la embajada o el consulado ms cercano lo visiten, siempre y cuando el nià ±o sea ciudadano americano y el progenitor que se lo ha llevado lo autorice. Para pedir esta visita se debe enviar un fax al 202-737-9136. Hay que idenficar al nià ±o y seà ±alar su fecha y lugar de nacimiento e identificar al padre o madre que se lo ha llevado y el lugar donde pueden ser localizados. Quà © pasa si el menor est localizado en otro paà ­s y el padre o madre que se lo ha llevado se niega a devolverlo Puede que el progenitor que lo busca tenga una orden judicial de una corte americana en la que se reconoce que tiene la guardia y custodia en exclusiva del menor. Pero eso no quiere decir que tal orden sea de aplicacià ³n en el paà ­s al que el menor ha sido llevado. Asà ­ que posiblemente hay que ir a Corte en el lugar en el que se encuentra el nià ±o o nià ±a. Para ello es fundamental elegir un buen abogado local. El Departamento de Estado, a travà ©s de la Oficina de Asuntos de la Nià ±ez (Office of Children ´s Issues) cuenta con especialistas en secuestros internacionales que pueden ayudar a definir cul es la mejor estrategia en un determinado paà ­s y cà ³mo elegir abogado. Se ruega muy encarecidamente no presentarse en el paà ­s extranjero, tomar al menor e intentar regresar con à ©l a Estados Unidos. Dependiendo del paà ­s, puede acabar en la crcel o con una demanda en su contra de carcter civil o penal. Otro tipo de asistencia disponible Si necesita apoyo mientras busca a su hijo que ha sido và ­ctima de un secuestro internacional, puede contactar con dos organizaciones: Take Root, llamando al 1-800-Root-OrgTeam Hope, marcando al 1-866-305 HOPE Asimismo, puede pedir ayuda a la Oficina de Asuntos de la Nià ±ez que le brindarn consejo y cà ³mo dirigirse a buenos profesionales. Si necesita apoyo econà ³mico para viajar al extranjero, puede que califique para un fondo de ayuda gestionado por la Oficina de Và ­ctimas de Crà ­menes (OVC, por sus siglas en inglà ©s) y que depende del Departamento de Justicia. Por à ºltimo, a travà ©s de NCMEC puede obtener ayuda profesional para encarar el proceso de reunificacià ³n con su hijo con à ©xito. Tip Si usted tiene miedo fundado de que sus hijos puedan ser secuestrados internacionalmente por su otro progenitor, guarde en un lugar seguro los pasaportes de los nià ±os y asegà ºrese de que sin su autorizacià ³n no se pueden renovar ni conseguir otros nuevos alegando su extravà ­o.   Adems, solicitar o renovar el pasaporte americano de un infante requiere requisitos especà ­ficos de presencia de los padres y del menor que hay que respetar, precisamente para evitar este tipo de problemas. Por el contrario, si un nià ±o/a americano va a viajar internacionalmente sà ³lo con uno de los padres o con ninguno pero con el consentimiento de ambos, asegà ºrese de que lleva toda la documentacià ³n extra necesaria para evitar ser parado en la frontera. A tener en cuenta Excepto Bolivia y Cuba, todos los paà ­ses de habla en espaà ±ol son miembros de la Convencià ³n de la Haya sobre Secuestro Internacional de Nià ±os o estn asociados y respetan su normativa. Nià ±os mexicanos en Mà ©xico y paps (o mams) en USA Si tienes un hijo mexicano en Mà ©xico y el pap est en Estados Unidos y no paga la pensià ³n de alimentos puedes solicitarla de esta manera.

The importance of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and how they work with the client to promote independence

The importance of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and how they work with the client to promote independence Free Online Research Papers For this reflection I will be using the Gibbs reflective cycle (1988) to demonstrate how members of the multi-disciplinary team worked together to achieve a positive client outcome. I will use the Gibbs model which incorporates the following: description, feelings, evaluation, analysis, conclusion and action plan (Gibbs 1988). This model facilitates critical thoughts, linking theory to practice and allows my personal feelings and opinions to be reflected upon. This reflection will discuss the importance of the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) and how they work with the client to promote independence. The MDT within the mental health environment generally comprised of psychiatrist, clinical psychologists, nurses, occupational therapists and social workers, but other therapists such as family therapists, psychotherapists, dietician and counsellors mat also become involved in the care of the client (Perkins Repper 1998). Multidisciplinary involvement is important within mental health nursing as people with mental health problems have multiple needs, so a variety of expertise is required to meet the needs of these people (Darby et al 1999). Ovretveit, (1993) defined the MDT as a group of practitioners with a wide variety of professional training who regularly meet to provide a service to clients. Throughout this reflection, the clients name and clinical setting will not be disclosed as this would breach confidentiality (NMC 2004). For this reason the client will be referred to as ‘Martin’. The first stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection requires a description of events. Martin is a 45 year old male, who is currently at a mental health rehabilitation unit as he suffers from paranoia schizophrenia. Paranoia results in episodes of delusions which can be accompanied by hallucinations, perception disturbances and auditory variety (BBC 2006). Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis that describes a mental disorder characterized by expressions of reality or by impairments in perceptions (BBC 2006). Martin was brought into the rehabilitation unit as he suffered from chronic delusions, which caused him to behave irrationally and destructive. Before he was admitted into hospital, he was causing danger to himself and others by setting objects on fire and was very paranoid about objects in the kitchen. He felt that the instruments in the kitchen were dangerous and always commented on the cooker and oven being broken. This resulted in him being unable to prepare himself food and eating fast food meals everyday. After spending 2 weeks in a mental health hospital he was transferred to a rehabilitation unit, which he had currently been in for a month. The MDT had to work together so Martin was able to overcome his fear of the kitchen and able him to become independent. I had the opportunity to observe a MDT meeting and participated in the discussion about Martin. Throughout Martin’s time in the rehabilitation unit, many of the MDT members individually spent time with him. The consultant discussed with him any medical problems Martin may be having and gave Martin a description of the medication he had been prescribed and why it was essential they were taken (Kirby et al .2004) The psychiatrist discussed with him how he was dealing with the paranoia schizophrenia and gave Martin a better overlook of his overall life and what he would be able to achieve if he focused on trying to prepare meals. The psychiatrist allowed Martin to discuss his feelings openly and concentrated on whether his perception of cooking had changed over the month he had been in the rehabilitation unit. The occupational therapist also worked with Martin. The main role of the occupational therapist is helping individuals with everyday tasks to promote and maintain their independence and reduce the risk of relapse (Burke 2006). The occupation therapist guided and supervised Martin with his cooking which also gave them a chance to bond and communicate, while preparing their meals (Taylor et al 2001). The dietician was also notified about Martins lack of ability to prepare food. The dietician explained the risk of poor nutrition and what affects it could have on Martin. The social workers main duty was to help Martin cope with the environmental aspect of his life, by giving him and his family information about the ways to support him while in rehabilitation and when he returns home. The social worker also advised Martin to attend cooking groups so he could gain confidence in cooking. The social workers also encouraged Martin to join more social events/groups which would encourage social integration (Thompson 2006). I am now going to enter into the second stage of Gibbs (1988) model of reflection, which is a discussion about my thoughts and feelings.I felt very comfortable and accepted within the MDT meeting. The atmosphere was friendly and relaxed and the MDT discussed Martin’s progress. I felt quite nervous in contributing to the MDT discussion but felt as though I was Martins advocate and was speaking out on his behalf, as I had gained a strong bond with him. The MDT listened to my opinions and asked further questions on how I felt he was progressing. The MDT communicated well with each other and had Martin’s best interest in mind at all times. The discussions about Martin were held until the best outcome was achieved for him. This demonstrated the benefits and importance of communication within a team and how all contributions within meetings should be valued (Perkins Repper 1998). I found it extremely interesting to see a MDT in action and witness the teamwork between differe nt disciplines. Evaluation is the third stage of the Gibbs (1988) model of reflection and gives an account of the importance of MDT. There are many positive aspects of this particular MDT as they all worked well together as a team with the same goal in mind. The team discussed the different options available and all the problems that may arise. The MDT have to consider the current state of a client and if the change in lifestyle would benefit him in the long-term. The advantage of a multidisciplinary team approach is that all professionals work together by collecting the facts and by bringing information together, to obtain a complete view of the possible problems of each individual patient. In doing this they are able to make sure that the appropriate range of treatment is given (Onyett 2003).The MDT can have a large impact on the client’s life and can change their long-term way of living. Although, one of the major disadvantages of the MDT is that they work individually, therefore there can be a lack of direction, unclear goals and poor leader ship (Darby et al 1999) if effective communication between the team is not achieved. This could affect the care Martin given and postpone his discharge from the rehabilitation unit. Essential communication is vital in MDT as it allows the team to gain an understanding of how the client is coping and if the transfer from the mental health hospital to the rehabilitation unit benefited him. Stage four of Gibbs(1988) is an analysis of the event. If I had not given my opinion on Martin’s care, he may not have benefited from the MDT as much as he did. Contributing in Martins care meant that I was able to inform the other members of the MDT about his progress. I felt I did this well as I gave a description of his emotional state and how he was progressing with preparing food in the kitchen. The MDT appreciated me speaking about Martin, as they were able to identify new targets for him to achieve, so he would constantly be working towards reaching independence. In conclusion, stage five of the Gibbs (1988) models, it is clear to see from the MDT meeting that effective leadership and good communication between members of the team is vital to ensure there is a clear understanding of Martin’s outcomes (Taylor 2001). The MDT has to be equipped with all the information to overcome Martin’s individual problems (Taylor 2001). The team working together forms the basis of mental health nursing and can influence the success or failure of the care and treatment that Martin may receive (Kirby 2004). The MDT has the potential to achieve positive outcomes for Martin, and give him the opportunity to reach independence. The final stage of Gibbs (1988) model is the action plan. If I found myself in this type of situation again, I would be more confident in discussing about the clients and their needs thus participating more within the MDT meeting. I have learnt from this situation that good teamwork and communication between each other is vital (Taylor 2001). I have gained a better understanding of the multidisciplinary team, and how the outcomes of these meetings can affect Martin and his family’s quality of life, which will help me to think very carefully about the decisions I make concerning client care in the future. 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